SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with and activates TLR41
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Potential Alternative Receptors for SARS-CoV-2-Induced Kidney Damage: TLR-4, KIM-1/TIM-1, and CD147
Exploring the immunogenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins: PAMP:TLR signaling in the mediation of the neuroinflammatory and neurologic sequelae of COVID-19 - ScienceDirect
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Nanoparticle-delivered TLR4 and RIG-I agonists enhance immune response to SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine
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SARS-CoV-2 suppresses TLR4-induced immunity by dendritic cells via C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN
NFκB and NLRP3/NLRC4 inflammasomes regulate differentiation, activation and functional properties of monocytes in response to distinct SARS-CoV-2 proteins
Exploring autophagy in treating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-related pathology - ScienceDirect
Cureus, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Activation, p53, and Autophagy Inhibition Characterize the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike Protein Induced Neurotoxicity
SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein is not pro-inflammatory in human primary macrophages: endotoxin contamination and lack of protein glycosylation as possible confounders
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces a differential monocyte activation that may contribute to age bias in COVID-19 severity
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Frontiers Early suppression of antiviral host response and protocadherins by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells
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Frontiers Multifaceted role of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in lung injury
